Closely controlling the mechanical behaviour and characterization of the deflection of a beam structure is a well-known and widely studied engineering problem. The progress in additive manufacturing ...

Shaping and steering of light beams is essential in many modern applications, ranging from optical tweezers, camera lenses, vision correction to 3D displays. However, current realisations require ...

• Calculate the deflections in stepped shafts more quickly and accurately by combining engineering knowledge with mathematics software. • Use Castigliano’s theorem and the Heavyside step function help ...