How to Choose Between an Open- and Closed-Loop System Not sure what's going to work best for your property? When choosing between a closed-loop or open-loop geothermal system, consider factors ...

With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid closed-loop systems automatically regulate insulin delivery.

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets ...

In conclusion, open-loop wallets function across different merchants, closed-loop wallets are tailored to certain brands or retailers, and semi-closed-loop wallets integrate features of both ...

Whether improved glucose control with hybrid closed-loop therapy can preserve C-peptide secretion as compared with standard insulin therapy in persons with new-onset type 1 diabetes is unclear.

Conclusions A hybrid closed-loop system significantly improved glycemic control in very young children with type 1 diabetes, without increasing the time spent in hypoglycemia.