He began searching for novel parasite-fighting immune cells. McKenzie knew that IL-25 triggers a class of T cells called type-2 helper T cells (Th2s) to proliferate and produce IL-13, and he wondered ...

A new review in the Journal of Molecular Medicine explains how trained immunity, driven by epigenetic and metabolic ...

Researchers have shown that innate immune training, also known as trained immunity (TRIM), leads to aggravated bone loss in experimental models of periodontitis and inflammatory arthritis. Clinical ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

SARS-CoV-2 has an enzyme that can counteract a cell's innate defense mechanism against viruses, explaining why it is more infectious than the previous SARS and MERS-causing viruses. The discovery may ...

All cellular life—from humans to bacteria—possesses two layers of immunity: innate and adaptive. Scientists have long understood how these two types of immunity work together in higher organisms but ...

Along with defending against pathogens, the body's innate immune system helps to protect the stability of our genomes in unexpected ways—ways that have important implications for the development of ...

Redness and pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue or headaches: vaccines can cause side effects, but their frequency and severity vary considerably from person to person. Why? A team from the ...

Secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses during hospital care remain a long-standing global challenge, despite advances in modern medicine. In particular, mixed bacterial–viral infections in ...