Scientists have long suspected that hormones quietly tune how the brain learns, but the idea of a single, hidden “switch” has usually been more metaphor than map. What is emerging from decades of ...

A groundbreaking 1986 technique called backpropagation revolutionized artificial intelligence, enabling computers to learn ...

Scientists with Virginia Tech’s Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC and Arizona State University recorded, for the first time in honey bees, the dynamics of neurotransmitters as the bees ...

This activity was supported by Grant No. B9053 from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily ...

Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this ...

Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story: Single-celled organisms aren’t often associated with complex functioning, but a new study suggests that at least some protists exhibit what’s known ...