Aim Differentiating physiological cardiac hypertrophy from pathology is challenging when the athlete presents with extreme anthropometry. While upper normal limits exist for maximal left ventricular ...
Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and grey literature sources. Study eligibility criteria Observational and experimental studies assessing a ...
The primary purpose of the cardiac examination is to assess the structure and function of the heart as a muscular pump and to evaluate it for possible malfunctions. Because heart disease is so common ...
Should a treadmill test (TMT), the ubiquitous part of a cardiac examination, be used for routine screening or as part of the executive health check-ups to rule out heart disease risk? No, it shouldn’t ...
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