However, self-reported menstrual status may not accurately reflect hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis suppression and may underestimate reproductive health consequences of military training.

As a further indication of the link between hyperinsulinemia and ovarian steroidogenesis, hyperinsulinemic states induced by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps lead to increased ovarian androgen ...

compensatory hyperinsulinemia results in pleiotropic effects including co-gonadotrophic stimulation of ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis; in T2D, insulin resistance contributes towards β-cell ...