On November 12, 1944, Operation Catechism sealed Tirpitz’s fate. Thirty Lancasters unleashed precision bombing that ...

Tirpitz, the fearsome sister ship of Bismarck, loomed over the Arctic waters of Norway as a symbol of Nazi naval power.

Tirpitz’ “risk-fleet theory” was a debacle for Imperial Germany. But it could work for China—now playing the role of the United States during its turn-of-the-century rise to hemispheric eminence.

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U.S. Navy planners in the Pacific, still overestimating the value of battleships, could have been less daring in their absence and fought a holding action until late 1942 or 1943. Had things been ...