The attraction and repulsion effects make up what is known as the “optical force,” a newly observed phenomenon that works on microscopic scales.

The particle robot researchers were inspired by the principles of attraction and repulsion. Each particle is disc-shaped and loosely connected to other particles around it via magnets.

Through Maxwell, these fields became a means of storing electromagnetic energy and transmitting forces to cause magnetic attraction and repulsion.

Also, if attraction and repulsion are both necessary for precise circuit assembly, what is the identity of the cell-surface molecule that mediates the attraction of Lphn2-expressing axons?