The growth rate of the atmospheric abundance of methane (CH 4) reached a record high of 15.4 ppb yr −1 between 2020 and 2022, but the mechanisms driving the accelerated CH 4 growth have so far been ...

As former EPA and ORD scientists, we argue that dismantling ORD would not only jeopardize human and environmental health, but also weaken American science and global competitiveness. ORD’s vital—yet ...

In This IssueMen and women exhibit differences in traits such as height. The genetic mechanisms underlying such sexual dimorphism are unclear, partly due to the presence of sex hormones. Alexander ...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with multiple aggressive solid tumors. Despite recent advances in cancer therapy, and specifically in EGFR-targeted therapy, there ...

Natural ice plays salient roles in making the Earth habitable and sustainable. Previously overlooked, its role in chemical processes is now of emerging interest, particularly due to the freeze ...

The prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP1) functions as a critical regulator of diverse physiological processes, including sleep–wake cycles, allergic responses, and inflammatory cascades. By determining ...

Developing oral biologics has long been a holy grail of protein engineering. Traditional antibodies are large and unstable in the presence of gastrointestinal proteases. Here, we present a strategy to ...

Greening immediately after etiolated-seedling’s emergence from the soil is critical for plants to initiate their autotrophic life cycle through photosynthesis. The greening process relies on a complex ...

Calcineurin is a highly conserved phosphatase that plays a central role in sensing calcium and governing transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational signaling networks. Calcineurin is ...

Physical exercise is known to reduce depression, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Based on a chronic restraint stress model in mice, we showed that 4-wk treadmill exercise ...

Thylakoid-free cyanobacteria are thought to preserve ancestral traits of early-evolving organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, and until recently, photosynthesis studies in ...

Scientists have long promised that AI will make more rational decisions than even expert humans. These studies show that this is not a foregone conclusion because large language models (LLMs) already ...