According to recent analysis, water vapor plumes erupting from cracks in Enceladus’ icy shell have a pH between 10.1 and 11.6 ...

"Ice in the rest of the universe has long been considered a snapshot of liquid water – that is, a disordered arrangement fixed in place. Our findings show this is not entirely true." ...

The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or alkaline something is, 1 being highly acidic, 14 being highly alkaline, and 7 ...