The Crusaders' presence in the Levant during the late 11th to 13th centuries was marked by intense power struggles among various factions and states. Following the First Crusade's success in capturing Jerusalem in 1099, different European powers sought to establish dominance over the region. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem emerged, but internal divisions between French, Italian, and Anglo-Norman factions often led to conflict over leadership and territory. These tensions were exacerbated by exter